Hohenheim Presidents and National-Socialism

In Hohenheim, there was no resistance to speak of when the National-Socialists seized power and the universities were subjected to enforced standardization (Gleichschaltung).

During the war, the professors actively participated in re-settlement and settlement of occupied territories or in the theft of scientific material. During the post-war period, some of these activities were repressed for decades.
This can be seen in some of the presidents’ biographies, as well. Some people knew how to benefit from the situation. Others experienced disadvantages. The repression was particularly evident in the 1960s with the appointment of a former SS functionary as president.

Not until 2015-2018 did the “project on a historical review of the National-Socialist period and its consequences” shed light onto this dark chapter of the University’s history. Since then, virtual and real memorial points are to highlight these insights in daily university life.

In the following, relevant biographical notes were included in the portraits of the six presidents who served between 1933 and 1945 as well as six selected predecessors and successors.

Affected Presidents

Adolf Richard Walther

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College 1932-33

Born in 1885 in Mainz
1919: Doctorate (Dr. med. vet.)  in Leipzig
1912: Doctorate (Dr. phil.) in Gießen
1913: Private lecturer in Gießen
1920: extraordinary professor in Hohenheim
1921: Appointment as Chair of Animal Breeding in Hohenheim
1932: Election as President of Hohenheim Agricultural College; term of office ended in April 1933
1933: Adolf Richard Walther left the college; resigned his professorship; relocated to a farm in Bavaria; worked as a farmer. It remains unclear whether Walther left the college for political or private reasons
After 1945: Walther was offered a chair in Hanover, and Hohenheim also made efforts to get him to return to the college
31 January 1948: Adolf Richard Walther passed away


Max Rüdiger

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College 1947-49

Born in 1875 in Forst in der Lausitz
1902: Doctorate at the University of Munich
1904-1920: Worked for the BASF and at the Agricultural College Weihenstephan
1920: extraordinary professor in Weihenstephan
1927:
Appointment as Chair of Agricultural Engineering
January 1933: Election as President of Hohenheim Agricultural College; after the National-Socialists seized power, Rüdiger decided not to be appointed as President
1936: Rüdiger resigned his professorship in Hohenheim and accepted an appointment at the Agricultural College in Ankara; the decision was not voluntary and was due to the difficult relationship with Walter Zimmermann, who became his successor as president
1930: Rüdiger had to leave Turkey when the war started but did not return to Hohenheim during the “Third Reich”
After 1945: Rüdiger returned to his professorship in Hohenheim
1947-1949: Rüdiger was the President of Hohenheim Agricultural College

Percy Brigl

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College 1928-30, 1933-34

Born in 1885 in Graudenz
1909:
Doctorate in Chemistry in Berlin
1915:
Private lecturer in Tübingen
1920:
Extraordinary professor in Tübingen
1925:
Appointed as Chair of Agricultural Chemistry at Hohenheim Agricultural College
1928:
Elected as President of Hohenheim Agricultural College (until 1930)
May 1933:
Brigl was appointed as the first president under National-Socialist rule; although the new university charter had a term of office of two years, Brigl was dismissed as president after only one year
November 1933:
Became a member of the SA
1935:
Brigl accepted appointment at the Agricultural-Veterinary Medicine Faculty at the University of Berlin
1937:
Became a member of the NSDAP
24 April 1945:
Brigl died during the battle to take over Berlin by the Russian army

Alfred Beck

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College 1934-35

Born in 1889 in Richen, Baden
Studied veterinary medicine and agricultural science in Stuttgart, Munich, Hanover, and Leipzig
1912:
Doctorate (Dr. med. vet.) in Stuttgart
1922:
Completed agricultural studies in Leipzig; various positions at university institutes
1931:
Appointed as Chair of Anatomy and Physiology of Household Animals and of Veterinary Science at Hohenheim Agricultural College
May 1933:
Became a member of the NSDAP
November 1933:
Became a member of the SS; Promoted to Untersturmführer (also a member of the National-Socialist Association of Teachers, in the National-Socialist Association of Lecturers, in the National-Socialist People’s Welfare, in the National-Socialist Gentlemen’s Association, in the Reich’s Colonial Association, and in the Association for German Cultural Relations Abroad)
1933:
Appointed as special representative with suitable powers
December 1933:
Vice President in Hohenheim
1934:
Appointed as President of Hohenheim Agricultural College; Beck was dismissed after one year
1936:
Beck left the College and took a position as the Director of the Bavarian Veterinary Police Institute in Schleißheim; at the same time, he became an honorary professor at the University of Munich
May 1945:
Internment (until 1947)
1949:
Director of the Veterinary Medical State Inspection Office in Tübingen

Peter Carstens

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College 1935-38

Born in 1903 in Brunsbüttelkoog, Holstein
1924-27:
Studied in Hohenheim
1930:
Doctorate
April 1930:
Became a member of the NSDAP and SA
1933:
Became Director of the Institute of Animal Breeding
1933:
Habilitation on the topic “Comparative Breed Investigations with Dog Skeletons”
1933:
Switch from the SA to SS
1934:
Appointed as the Chair of Animal Breeding
1934:
Carstens took on the position of Director in the Race and Settlement Office of the SS
1935:
Appointment as President of Hohenheim Agricultural University
February 1940:
Carstens led an SS working group in the occupied eastern territories and was later made responsible for the entire SS settlement office for Poland as a Superior SS and Police Director; Carsten coordinated the deportation and settlement of occupied Poland on-site
1941: Appointed to Posen to become the president of the newly founded “Reich University Posen”
1944: Appointment as SS-Oberführer
Winter semester 1944/1945: Appointment as Area Director of Lecturers’ Association Wartheland; membership in leadership circle of Reich Lecturers Group
March 1945: Carsten died as part of a Volkssturm unit close to Dölitz in Pommern

Erhard Jung

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College, 1938-41

Born in 1902 in Kreuzberg, Upper Silesia
Studied in Bonn and Breslau
1924:
Member of the Stahlhelm, Association of Soldiers on the Front
1930:
Doctorate in Breslau
1932:
Habilitation, then private lecturer in Freiburg
1932:
Became a member of the NSDAP
November 1933:
Became a member of the SS; Rank of Oberscharführer
1934-35:
Director des NS Lecturer Association in Freiburg
1935:
Extraordinary professor at Hohenheim Agricultural College
1937:
Appointed as Chair of Geology and Soil Science in Hohenheim
1938:
Appointed as President of Hohenheim Agricultural College; Jung worked only sporadically as president, as he was drafted into the Wehrmacht only one year into his term of office; during his absence, Jung was represented by Adolf Münzinger, the oldest member of the Senate
1941: Jung requested to be released from the office of president
1943:
Service with a Werhmacht office in Berlin
1945:
Jung died in the final days of the war in Berlin
November 1948:
Jung was declared a “follower” by the tribunal

Walter Zimmermann

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College, 1941-45

Born in 1901 in Neunkirchen, District of Mergentheim
Studied Chemistry at the Technical College
1925:
Doctorate; worked as a research assistant
1925:
Became a member of the NSDAP; member number: 1857; wore the golden party badge
1928:
Assistant at the State Institute of Agricultural Businesses Hohenheim
February 1934:
Appointed as University Officer for the Regional Administration of Württemberg
1936:
Department Director and Assistant Director of the State Institute of Agricultural Business in Hohenheim
1936:
Zimmermann worked as the interim professor of Agricultural Engineering in Hohenheim
1936:
Appointment as Director of the Regional Administration
1937:
Appointed as Chair of Agricultural Engineering at Hohenheim Agricultural College
1941:
Appointed as President of Hohenheim Agricultural College
August 1944:
Zimmermann requested to be released from the office of president (released in February 1945)
After 1945:
Zimmermann was not permitted to return to the College; he was declared to be a “lesser offender” by the tribunal and also lost his right to teach for three years

Emil Lowig

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College, 1945

Born in 1902 in Würzburg
1928:
Doctorate at the Agricultural College in Bonn-Poppelsdorf; Lecturer
1930:
Became a member of the NSDAP
1933:
Became a member of the SA
1936:
Private lecturer in Bonn
1937:
Private lecturer in Leipzig
1938:
Appointed to Chair of Field and Crop Cultivation at Hohenheim Agricultural College
1939:
Withdrew from the Catholic Church
1941:
Vice President under Walter Zimmermann; in this time: Took on the office “Organization of Base Hohenheim”
March 1945:
Appointed President of Hohenheim Agricultural College
April 1945:
Fled from Allied troops to the experimental manor St. Johann near Eningen, later to Tannweiler near Aulendorf
December 1945:
Fired by the American military administration
March 1949:
Denazification as a “follower”: Monetary fine of 500 German Marks and revocation of the right to be elected and the right to be politically active until January 1952
Lowig lived and worked in Reutlingen after the war
1967:
Professor emeritus

Adolf Münzinger

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College 1926-27, 1945 Interim President, 1946-47

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College, District of Tübingen
1902:
Doctorate in Jena
1902-1917:
Various positions including at Hohenheim Agricultural College
1917-22:
Director of the Hungarian-German Agricultural Working Group in Budapest
1922:
Appointed as the Chair of Farm Management in Hohenheim
1926:
Elected president of the Hohenheim Agricultural College
December 1945:
Appointed as interim president for the newly re-opened Hohenheim Agricultural College
1946:
University charter from 1922 entered into force again; Münzinger was elected as President of Hohenheim Agricultural College on 13 February 1946
1949:
Professor emeritus
1956:
Münzinger received the Federal Republic of Germany’s Great Cross of Merit

Jonas Schmidt

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College, 1949-51

Born in 1885 in Wiesbaden
1908:
Doctorate in Bonn
1910:
Director of the Agricultural School Hof Geisberg near Wiesbaden
1913:
Private lecturer at the Agricultural College Bonn-Poppelsdorf
1919-1940: 
Professorships in Jena, Göttingen, Berlin, and Rostock
1933:
Became a member of the SA; signed a declaration that demanded Jewish professors be removed faster from the university; November 1933 Signed the “Oath of Allegiance of the Professors of German Universities and Colleges to Adolf Hitler and the National-Socialist State”
1936:
Chairman of Reich Working Group Animal Breeding in Research Council for Agricultural Sciences (until 1945)
1940:
Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Animal Breeding in Dummerstorf near Rostock
1942:
Schmidt became a member of the National-Socialist Association of Lecturers and additional party associations
May 1945:
Moved to southern Germany
1946:
Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Animal Breeding Research in Mariensee in North Saxony
September 1948:
Denazification as an “exonerated person.” This cancelled the atonement notification from December 1947 that had categorized Schmidt as a “follower” and set a fine of 300 Reichsmark
1946:
Appointed as Chair of Animal Breeding at Hohenheim Agricultural College
1953:
Professor emeritus
1956:
Schmidt received the Federal Republic of Germany’s Great Cross of Merit

Walther Fischer-Schlemm

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College, 1951-52

Born in 1888 in Krötztin, Bavaria
1920:
Doctorate in Munich
1924:
Lecturer at the Agricultural College of Weihenstephan
1928:
Appointed as Chair of Agricultural Machinery at Hohenheim Agricultural College
1937:
Became a member of the NSDAP
1946:
Fischer-Schlemm was removed from office by the American military administration
June 1947:
Denazification as a “follower”
October 1947:
Re-appointed to professorship in Hohenheim
1956:
Professor emeritus

Kurt Maiwald

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College, 1952-54

Born in 1899 in Halbendorf, Silesia
1923:
Doctorate in Breslau
1928:
Private lecturer in Breslau
1932:
Appointed as Chair of Plant Nutrition at Hohenheim Agricultural College
Approx. 1933: Became a member of the SA
1937:
Became a member of the NSDAP
Winter semester 1944/45:
Maiwald give his students the advice “Check everything, don’t believe everything” and was reported by the head of students for political insidiousness
June 1945:
Three-week internment in military prison in Stuttgart; Maiwald was suspended
February 1946:
Renewed imprisonment; Maiwald was interned for four months in the internment camp no. 72 near Ludwigsburg
September 1946:
Rescission of the prohibition to work and Maiwald was hired as an agricultural chemist and specialist for fertilizer at the Institute of Plan Nutrition and Soil Biology at Hohenheim Agricultural College
January 1948:
Denazification as a “follower”
April 1948:
Re-appointed as a professor and Director of the Institute of Plant Nutrition und Soil Biology in Hohenheim
1949:
Maiwald took a leave of absence, went to Egypt, and worked as a consultant to the Egyptian government
1950:
Returned to Hohenheim
1952:
Maiwald elected as President of Hohenheim Agricultural College
1960:
Professor emeritus

Bernhard Rademacher

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College, 1954-56

Born in 1901 in Eisleben
1927:
Doctorate in Halle
June 1933:
Became a member of the SA
1935:
Habilitation in Kiel
1936
Private lecturer in Bonn
1937:
Became a member of the NSDAP
1939:
Extraordinary professor in Hohenheim
September 1947:
Denazification as a “follower”; Payment of an atonement fine of 500 Reichmarks
1951:
Appointment as Chair of Plant Protection in Hohenheim
1954:
Elected as President of Hohenheim Agricultural College

Georg Baur

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College, 1962-63

Born in 1895 in Trugenhofen, District of Heidenheim
1922:
Department Director in State Plant Breeding Institute in Hohenheim
1923:
Doctorate
1929:
Private lecturer in Hohenheim
1940:
Due to intense pressure from his supervisors and colleagues, he left Hohenheim Agricultural College and became the Director of the Graf Rechberg’schen Regional Administration in Donzdorf but continued to teach courses in Hohenheim
October 1946:
Baur was once again added to the list of College employees
1947:
Extraordinary Professor of Agronomy and Plant Breeding in Hohenheim
1949:
Appointed as Chair of Farm Management at Hohenheim Agricultural College
1949-53:
Member of the Bundestag
1962:
Elected as President of Hohenheim Agricultural College
1963:
Professor emeritus
1965:
Federal Republic of Germany’s Great Cross of Merit

Günther Franz

President of Hohenheim Agricultural College, 1963-65

Born in 1902 in Hamburg
Studied in Marburg, Göttingen, and Munich
1925:
Doctorate in Göttingen
1930:
Habilitation; private lecturer in Marburg
May 1933:
Became a member of the NSDAP
November 1933:
Became a member of the SA
November 1933:
Günther Franz signed the “Oath of Allegiance of the Professors of German Universities and Colleges to Adolf Hitler and the National-Socialist State”
1934:
Transferred from the SA to the SS; also a member of the NSLB, NSV, and the National-Socialist Association of Lecturers
1935:
Extraordinary Professor of Medieval History in Heidelberg
1936:
Professor of History in Jena
1941:
Professor of History of the Reformation and the Thirty Years War, especially to Research the German Volkskörper (body of the people) at the Reich University in Strasbourg
November 1943:
Appointed as SS Hauptsturmführer
November 1944:
Drafted into the Volkssturm
December 1944:
Started work in the Department of Culture in the Reich’s Head Office of Security
December 1949:
Denazification as a “follower”
Until 1957:
Unsuccessfully attempted to be hired by various universities
1957:
Appointment as Chair of Agricultural History in Hohenheim
1963:
Elected as President of Hohenheim Agricultural College
1970:
Professor emeritus