Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment on energy traits and seed quality of oilseed rape

Publication Type: Journal contribution (peer reviewed)
Authors: Högy, P., Franzaring, J., Schwadorf, K., Breuer, J., Schütze, W., Fangmeier, A.
Year of publication: 2010
Published in: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
Band/Volume: 139/
ISBN / ISSN / eISSN: DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.009
Page (from - to): 239-244

Abstract

Previous experiments have not considered in situ evaluations of oilseed rape (OSR) under European climates on energetic value and seed security. Therefore, Brassica napus cv. Campino was grown in a free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) field experiment at Stuttgart-Hohenheim (Germany) under ambient (388 ± 9 µl l^-1) and elevated (494 ± 16 µl l^-1) CO₂ concentrations. Aboveground biomass production and energy yields of both straw and seeds increased, while energy contents per dry weight were identical in both CO₂ treatments. Among the mineral concentrations in seeds, sulphur, boron and cadmium were significantly reduced and zinc and manganese were decreased by trend (0.1 ≥ P > 0.05) under CO₂ enrichment. Total protein concentration declined significantly by 4.6% with CO₂, although increased seed yield (+18.4%) compensated for the change on a production basis. Accordingly, several proteinogenic amino acids per unit meal weight were significantly reduced (asparagine/aspartic acid, glycine, alanine, cysteine, valine, isoleucine, leucine) or tended to decrease (glutamine/glutamic acid, methionine) in the high-CO₂ treatment, resulting in higher carbon/nitrogen ratios. Amino acids on a per protein basis and total oil concentrations were unaffected, while oil yield per unit ground area tended to increase by 19.8%. Elevated CO₂ slightly changed the composition of fatty acids on a per dry weight basis, which was more pronounced for unsaturated fatty acids. The concentration of major unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid increased significantly, while linolenic acid, nervonic acid and the group of essential fatty acids were decreased. There was also a negative trend for cis-11-eicosenic acid. The same holds true for the composition of fatty acids on a per oil basis. Among glucosinolates, only progoitrin tended to decrease under CO₂ enrichment. The results indicate that elevated CO₂ levels may have implications for food and feed quality and use for processing of OSR in the future.

Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment on energy traits and seed quality of oilseed rape

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